<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>

<link href='https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /><style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color:#ffffff; --text-color:#333333; --select-text-bg-color:#B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color:auto; --monospace:"Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; --title-bar-height:20px; }
.mac-os-11 { --title-bar-height:28px; }
html { font-size: 14px; background-color: var(--bg-color); color: var(--text-color); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto; bottom: 0px; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.42857; overflow-x: hidden; background: inherit; tab-size: 4; }
iframe { margin: auto; }
a.url { word-break: break-all; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
.in-text-selection, ::selection { text-shadow: none; background: var(--select-text-bg-color); color: var(--select-text-font-color); }
#write { margin: 0px auto; height: auto; width: inherit; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative; white-space: normal; overflow-x: visible; padding-top: 36px; }
#write.first-line-indent p { text-indent: 2em; }
#write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; }
#write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; }
.for-image #write { padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; }
body.typora-export { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
.typora-export .footnote-line, .typora-export li, .typora-export p { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.typora-export .task-list-item input { pointer-events: none; }
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
  body.typora-export { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
  #write { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
  .CodeMirror-sizer { margin-left: 0px !important; }
  .CodeMirror-gutters { display: none !important; }
}
#write li > figure:last-child { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
#write ol, #write ul { position: relative; }
img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; image-orientation: from-image; }
button, input, select, textarea { color: inherit; font: inherit; }
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { line-height: normal; padding: 0px; }
*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p, #write pre { width: inherit; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p { position: relative; }
p { line-height: inherit; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; }
p { orphans: 4; }
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
h5 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-math-block, .md-rawblock, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p { margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.hidden { display: none; }
.md-blockmeta { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; }
a { cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote a, sup.md-footnote a:hover { color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
figure > table { margin: 0px; }
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 0px; background-color: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { user-select: none; }
.CodeMirror { text-align: left; }
.CodeMirror-placeholder { opacity: 0.3; }
.CodeMirror pre { padding: 0px 4px; }
.CodeMirror-lines { padding: 0px; }
div.hr:focus { cursor: none; }
#write pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping pre { white-space: pre; }
#write pre.ty-contain-cm { white-space: normal; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { margin-right: 4px; }
.md-fences { font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; overflow: visible; white-space: pre; background: inherit; position: relative !important; }
.md-fences-adv-panel { width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; overflow-x: auto; }
#write .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.md-fences.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 0px; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre; overflow-x: auto; }
.md-fences.mock-cm.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 8px; }
.CodeMirror-line, twitterwidget { break-inside: avoid; }
.footnotes { opacity: 0.8; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.footnotes + .footnotes { margin-top: 0px; }
.md-reset { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; float: none; position: static; width: auto; height: auto; white-space: nowrap; cursor: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; box-sizing: content-box; direction: ltr; }
li div { padding-top: 0px; }
blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li .mathjax-block, li p { margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
li blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li { margin: 0px; position: relative; }
blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
blockquote > :first-child, li > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
.footnotes-area { color: rgb(136, 136, 136); margin-top: 0.714rem; padding-bottom: 0.143rem; white-space: normal; }
#write .footnote-line { white-space: pre-wrap; }
@media print {
  body, html { border: 1px solid transparent; height: 99%; break-after: avoid; break-before: avoid; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; }
  #write { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; border-color: transparent !important; }
  .typora-export * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }
  .typora-export #write { break-after: avoid; }
  .typora-export #write::after { height: 0px; }
  .is-mac table { break-inside: avoid; }
}
.footnote-line { margin-top: 0.714em; font-size: 0.7em; }
a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
#write.first-line-indent p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img { left: -2em; position: relative; }
p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
.md-math-block { width: 100%; }
.md-math-block:not(:empty)::after { display: none; }
.MathJax_ref { fill: currentcolor; }
[contenteditable="true"]:active, [contenteditable="true"]:focus, [contenteditable="false"]:active, [contenteditable="false"]:focus { outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
.md-task-list-item { position: relative; list-style-type: none; }
.task-list-item.md-task-list-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.md-task-list-item > input { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.2em; margin-top: calc(1em - 10px); border: none; }
.math { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
.md-toc-content { position: relative; margin-left: 0px; }
.md-toc-content::after, .md-toc::after { display: none; }
.md-toc-item { display: block; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); }
.md-toc-item a { text-decoration: none; }
.md-toc-inner:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.md-toc-inner { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; }
.md-toc-h1 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; }
.md-toc-h2 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 2em; }
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 4em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 10em; }
@media screen and (max-width: 48em) {
  .md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 3.5em; }
  .md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 5em; }
  .md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6.5em; }
  .md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
}
a.md-toc-inner { font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
.footnote-line a:not(.reversefootnote) { color: inherit; }
.md-attr { display: none; }
.md-fn-count::after { content: "."; }
code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: var(--monospace); }
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
.md-comment { color: rgb(162, 127, 3); opacity: 0.8; font-family: var(--monospace); }
code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
.md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG .noError { display: none !important; }
.html-for-mac .inline-math-svg .MathJax_SVG { vertical-align: 0.2px; }
.md-fences-math .MathJax_SVG_Display, .md-math-block .MathJax_SVG_Display { text-align: center; margin: 0px; position: relative; text-indent: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 100%; width: auto; overflow-y: visible; display: block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display, .md-inline-math .MathJax_SVG_Display { width: auto; margin: inherit; display: inline-block !important; }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-monospace { font-family: var(--monospace); }
.MathJax_SVG .MJX-sans-serif { font-family: sans-serif; }
.MathJax_SVG { display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.MathJax_SVG * { transition: none 0s ease 0s; }
.MathJax_SVG_Display svg { vertical-align: middle !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; }
.os-windows.monocolor-emoji .md-emoji { font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol", sans-serif; }
.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
[lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }
mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; }
.md-expand mark .md-meta { opacity: 0.3 !important; }
mark .md-meta { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
@media print {
  .typora-export h1, .typora-export h2, .typora-export h3, .typora-export h4, .typora-export h5, .typora-export h6 { break-inside: avoid; }
}
.md-diagram-panel .messageText { stroke: none !important; }
.md-diagram-panel .start-state { fill: var(--node-fill); }
.md-diagram-panel .edgeLabel rect { opacity: 1 !important; }
.md-require-zoom-fix foreignobject { font-size: var(--mermaid-font-zoom); }
.md-fences.md-fences-math { font-size: 1em; }
.md-fences-math .MathJax_SVG_Display { margin-top: 8px; cursor: default; }
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; border: 0px; }
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { background: inherit; }
.typora-export-show-outline .typora-export-content { max-width: 1440px; margin: auto; display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.typora-export-sidebar { width: 300px; font-size: 0.8rem; margin-top: 80px; margin-right: 18px; }
.typora-export-show-outline #write { --webkit-flex:2; flex: 2 1 0%; }
.typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { position: fixed; top: 0px; max-height: 100%; overflow: hidden auto; padding-bottom: 30px; padding-top: 60px; width: 300px; }
@media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
  .typora-export-sidebar, .typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { width: 240px; }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .typora-export-sidebar { display: none; }
}
.outline-content li, .outline-content ul { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; list-style: none; }
.outline-content ul { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.outline-content strong { font-weight: 400; }
.outline-expander { width: 1rem; height: 1.42857rem; position: relative; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; padding-left: 4px; }
.outline-expander::before { content: ""; position: relative; font-family: Ionicons; display: inline-block; font-size: 8px; vertical-align: middle; }
.outline-item { padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; cursor: pointer; }
.outline-expander:hover::before { content: ""; }
.outline-h1 > .outline-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.outline-h2 > .outline-item { padding-left: 1em; }
.outline-h3 > .outline-item { padding-left: 2em; }
.outline-h4 > .outline-item { padding-left: 3em; }
.outline-h5 > .outline-item { padding-left: 4em; }
.outline-h6 > .outline-item { padding-left: 5em; }
.outline-label { cursor: pointer; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
.outline-label:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.outline-item:hover { border-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); background-color: var(--item-hover-bg-color); }
.outline-item:hover { margin-left: -28px; margin-right: -28px; border-left: 28px solid transparent; border-right: 28px solid transparent; }
.outline-item-single .outline-expander::before, .outline-item-single .outline-expander:hover::before { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: ""; }
.outline-children { display: none; }
.info-panel-tab-wrapper { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export .outline-item { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; }
.typora-export .outline-item:hover { margin-right: -8px; border-right: 8px solid transparent; }
.typora-export .outline-expander::before { content: "+"; font-family: inherit; top: -1px; }
.typora-export .outline-expander:hover::before, .typora-export .outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: "−"; }
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: none; }
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-item-open > .outline-children, .typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-expander::before { content: "" !important; }
.typora-export-show-outline .outline-item-active > .outline-item .outline-label { font-weight: 700; }


.CodeMirror { height: auto; }
.CodeMirror.cm-s-inner { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { overflow: auto hidden; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); background: inherit; white-space: nowrap; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { padding: 0px 3px 0px 5px; text-align: right; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-keyword { color: rgb(119, 0, 136); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-atom, .cm-s-inner.cm-atom { color: rgb(34, 17, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-number { color: rgb(17, 102, 68); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-def { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-2 { color: rgb(0, 85, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-variable-3 { color: rgb(0, 136, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string { color: rgb(170, 17, 17); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-property { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-operator { color: rgb(152, 26, 26); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-comment, .cm-s-inner.cm-comment { color: rgb(170, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-string-2 { color: rgb(255, 85, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-meta { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-qualifier { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-builtin { color: rgb(51, 0, 170); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-bracket { color: rgb(153, 153, 119); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-tag { color: rgb(17, 119, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-attribute { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-header, .cm-s-inner.cm-header { color: rgb(0, 0, 255); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-quote, .cm-s-inner.cm-quote { color: rgb(0, 153, 0); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-hr, .cm-s-inner.cm-hr { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.cm-s-inner .cm-link, .cm-s-inner.cm-link { color: rgb(0, 0, 204); }
.cm-negative { color: rgb(221, 68, 68); }
.cm-positive { color: rgb(34, 153, 34); }
.cm-header, .cm-strong { font-weight: 700; }
.cm-del { text-decoration: line-through; }
.cm-em { font-style: italic; }
.cm-link { text-decoration: underline; }
.cm-error { color: red; }
.cm-invalidchar { color: red; }
.cm-constant { color: rgb(38, 139, 210); }
.cm-defined { color: rgb(181, 137, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-matchingbracket { color: rgb(0, 255, 0); }
div.CodeMirror span.CodeMirror-nonmatchingbracket { color: rgb(255, 34, 34); }
.cm-s-inner .CodeMirror-activeline-background { background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror { position: relative; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scroll { height: 100%; outline: 0px; position: relative; box-sizing: content-box; background: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-sizer { position: relative; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler, .CodeMirror-hscrollbar, .CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler, .CodeMirror-vscrollbar { position: absolute; z-index: 6; display: none; }
.CodeMirror-vscrollbar { right: 0px; top: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-hscrollbar { bottom: 0px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler { right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-filler { left: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; padding-bottom: 30px; z-index: 3; }
.CodeMirror-gutter { white-space: normal; height: 100%; box-sizing: content-box; padding-bottom: 30px; margin-bottom: -32px; display: inline-block; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper { position: absolute; z-index: 4; background: 0px 0px !important; border: none !important; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-background { position: absolute; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-gutter-elt { position: absolute; cursor: default; z-index: 4; }
.CodeMirror-lines { cursor: text; }
.CodeMirror pre { border-radius: 0px; border-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; white-space: pre; overflow-wrap: normal; color: inherit; z-index: 2; position: relative; overflow: visible; }
.CodeMirror-wrap pre { overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: normal; }
.CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: 30px solid transparent; width: fit-content; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-code pre { border-right: none; width: auto; }
.CodeMirror-linebackground { position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 0; }
.CodeMirror-linewidget { position: relative; z-index: 2; overflow: auto; }
.CodeMirror-wrap .CodeMirror-scroll { overflow-x: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-measure pre { position: static; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { position: absolute; visibility: hidden; border-right: none; width: 0px; }
.CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
.CodeMirror-focused div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: inherit; }
.cm-searching { background: rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.4); }
@media print {
  .CodeMirror div.CodeMirror-cursor { visibility: hidden; }
}


:root {
    --side-bar-bg-color: #fafafa;
    --control-text-color: #777;
}

@include-when-export url(https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext);

/* open-sans-regular - latin-ext_latin */
  /* open-sans-italic - latin-ext_latin */
    /* open-sans-700 - latin-ext_latin */
    /* open-sans-700italic - latin-ext_latin */
  html {
    font-size: 16px;
}

body {
    font-family: "Open Sans","Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    color: rgb(51, 51, 51);
    line-height: 1.6;
}

#write {
    max-width: 860px;
  	margin: 0 auto;
  	padding: 30px;
    padding-bottom: 100px;
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 1400px) {
	#write {
		max-width: 1024px;
	}
}

@media only screen and (min-width: 1800px) {
	#write {
		max-width: 1200px;
	}
}

#write > ul:first-child,
#write > ol:first-child{
    margin-top: 30px;
}

a {
    color: #4183C4;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    position: relative;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    line-height: 1.4;
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</style><title>半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制</title>
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<div id='write'  class=''><div class='md-toc' mdtype='toc'><p class="md-toc-content" role="list"><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h1" data-ref="n2"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#第三章-绘制原理图">第三章 绘制原理图</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n4"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#下载立创eda">下载立创EDA</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n13"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#基本操作">基本操作</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n33"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#原理图">原理图</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n44"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#typec原理图连线">TypeC原理图连线</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n62"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#atmega32u4-原理图连线和引脚的分配">Atmega32u4 原理图连线和引脚的分配</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n63"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#原理图说明">原理图说明</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n87"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#引脚的分配">引脚的分配</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n99"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#键盘矩阵线路原理图的绘制">键盘矩阵线路原理图的绘制</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n137"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#检查和分配封装">检查和分配封装</a></span></p></div><h1 id='第三章-绘制原理图'><span>第三章 绘制原理图</span></h1><p><span>我们通过上面两章的学习已经分配好了主控的引脚和矩阵图。下面我们可以绘制原理图了</span></p><h2 id='下载立创eda'><span>下载立创EDA</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>百度立创EDA并下载EDA进行安装</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818182140335.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818182140335"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818182210922.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818182210922"></p></li><li><p><span>安装完成后打开EDA</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818182259605.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818182259605"></p></li></ol><h2 id='基本操作'><span>基本操作</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><p><span>创建原理图</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818182335133.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818182335133"></p></li><li><p><span>打开一个空白的原理图模板，我们添加元件</span></p><ol start='' ><li><span>点击元件库</span></li><li><span>输入atmega32u4搜索</span></li><li><span>点击找到的元件</span></li><li><span>将元件符号放入原理图</span></li></ol><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818182537071.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818182537071"></p></li><li><p><span>鼠标选中序号可以拖动，右上角也有一些工具按钮、</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818182835762.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818182835762"></p></li></ol><h2 id='原理图'><span>原理图</span></h2><p><strong><span>如果什么都不懂，纯小白，直接从我的原理图中复制就好了，慢慢的就理解了</span></strong><span> </span></p><ol start='' ><li><p><span>原理图原理图，顾名思义就是表示电路板上各器件之间连接原理的图表。在方案开发等正向研究中，原理图的作用是非常重要的。</span></p></li><li><p><span>原理图是画pcb的前提条件，是我们设计键盘pcb的根本，所以我们要尽量看懂原理图。原理图中所有的符号，起码能认识，符号就代表一个元件，pcb封装就是把实际的电子元器件，芯片等的各种参数（比如元器件的大小，长宽，直插，贴片，焊盘的大小，管脚的长宽，管脚的间距等）用图形方式表现出来，以便可以在画pcb图时进行调用。</span></p><p><span>电路板各种电子元器件的一种名字，主要说明元件的引脚的尺寸，间距等的信息，是电子元器件必须的一样技术指标。</span></p><p><span>有了符号和封装相互对应，才能从原理图生成pcb。</span></p></li><li><p><span>atmega32u4的固定引脚有单独的作用，一般都再符号的左边位置，这些引脚的作用在官方文档中可以查到，比如接多少容值的电容，哪个引脚是reset引脚，D-、D+、GND等等，均在文档中可以查到。这里我提供半吊子单的方法是快速画出pcb，所以建议直接用我的原理图进行复制后使用，包括typec口的接线原理图等等。</span></p></li></ol><h3 id='typec原理图连线'><span>TypeC原理图连线</span></h3><ol start='' ><li><p><span>是两个5.1kΩ的电阻，位号是R1和R2，用于实现CtoC的功能，提高键盘的使用范围，可以直接用ctoc连接Macbook Windows Android iPad 等c口设备使用。CC线上拉Rp或者下拉Rd的电阻主要是用来表面电源传输角色，是source，还是sink。如果看不懂没关系，只需要记住TypeC口的A5和B5引脚，需要用5.1k下拉电阻将电位拉低，也就是电阻另一头接到GND上，就行了。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\1ade89667e42df5bdd2f21c2ecdc331-1629710863634.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="1ade89667e42df5bdd2f21c2ecdc331"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\e3201046cf2e7d1bc2ace983334938c-1629710851087.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="e3201046cf2e7d1bc2ace983334938c"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\ae51f3deb48f8c54432b5c4f2a292df5e1fe7fd2" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="img"></p></li><li><p><span>是TypeC接口的符号，符号中的数字代表的是TypeC引脚，AB代表的是反正面。所以A7要连接B7，A6要连接B6，来实现正反面都可以使用的目的。</span></p></li><li><p><span>TVS二极管，用来防电涌防静电击穿等作用。型号是：PRTR5V0U2AX</span></p></li><li><p><span>是两个22欧的电阻，用于连接主控的D-和D+（主控的文档中要求添加）</span></p></li><li><p><span>这两个是标签，标签在原理图中代表连线，同样名称的标签代表的就是一根连线，这样使原理图看上去更简洁。</span></p></li><li><p><span>标号6是个500mA的保险，用于防止短路避免主控损坏。</span></p></li></ol><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818185843922.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818185843922"></p><h3 id='atmega32u4-原理图连线和引脚的分配'><span>Atmega32u4 原理图连线和引脚的分配</span></h3><h4 id='原理图说明'><span>原理图说明</span></h4><ol start='' ><li><p><span>连接到C口的D-和D+，用来与设备通信。</span></p></li><li><p><span>42号引脚AREF引脚属于特殊引脚，一般不用，所以要在这里打叉标识，否则网络检测的时候会报错</span></p></li><li><p><span>这里的VCC的引脚</span></p></li><li><p><span>这里是6号引脚，要接一个1uf的电容（手册里给出）</span></p></li><li><p><span>reset按钮，用于进入dfu</span></p></li><li><p><span>标6号，这个是晶振。晶振的频率和电容容值等都在手册中给出的。</span></p></li><li><p><span>GND接地引脚</span></p></li><li><p><span>10k电阻这里也是手册给出的</span></p></li><li><p><span>另外还需要增加一些去耦电容，用于主控去耦，遵循以下几点：</span></p><p><span>容值最小的电容，有最高的谐振频率，去耦半径最小，因此放在最靠近芯片的位置。</span></p><p><span>容值稍大些的可以距离稍远，最外层放置容值最大的。但所有对该芯片去耦的电容都尽量靠近芯片。</span></p></li></ol><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818190142667.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818190142667"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210818190915114.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210818190915114"></p><h4 id='引脚的分配'><span>引脚的分配</span></h4><p><span>根据我们上一章的矩阵图和引脚分配的结果对主控的引脚进行分配。</span></p><ol start='' ><li><p><span>点击标签符号，添加一个标签，并且使用 ”R“ 键将标签符号旋转。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819161532384.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819161532384"></p></li><li><p><span>将标签符号名成更改为ROW0，并根据上一张分配的引脚找到主控原理图的</span><code>B7</code><span>引脚进行连接。每当连接好一个标签后，光标会自动变成ROW1如下图：</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819161915636.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819161915636"></p></li><li><p><span>像这样分配完所有引脚。并将没有分配到标签的主控引脚，用叉标记。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819163255565.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819163255565"></p></li></ol><h3 id='键盘矩阵线路原理图的绘制'><span>键盘矩阵线路原理图的绘制</span></h3><p><span>键盘矩阵线路属于自己主管能动性最强的部分，这里包含了配列和主控引脚的分配，这里可以随意发挥，属于真正的自己定制部分。</span></p><ul><li><p><span>上一章我们已经分配好了矩阵和主控引脚，我们接下来开始操作：</span></p><ol start='' ><li><p><span>首先添加元件，跟上面一样，点击元件库</span></p></li><li><p><span>搜索MX，找到mx 1u 查看符号类型是否是我们需要的</span></p></li><li><p><span>点击放置，一个mx轴符号就放进原理图里了</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819152841080.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819152841080"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819152908272.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819152908272"></p></li><li><p><span>我们给这个键改一下编号，双击 “U2” 改成 “K0” 代表key0(程序员的一都是从0开始)</span></p></li><li><p><span>接下来我们给这个键添加一个防止冲突的二极管，简称 “防冲二极管” ，这里要说一下，默认二极管是加在ROW线路上的，如果加在COL线路的的话，需要在固件的</span><code>config.h</code><span>里写一条, 用来表明二极管的方向从哪里到哪里.</span></p><pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="c"><div class="CodeMirror cm-s-inner CodeMirror-wrap" lang="c"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 9.33333px; left: 8px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" tabindex="0" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline" style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: 0px; width: 0px;"></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-comment">/*You can specify the direction your diodes point. This can be or .COL2ROWROW2COL*/</span></span></pre></div><pre class=" CodeMirror-line " role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-meta">#define DIODE_DIRECTION COL2ROW</span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 0px; width: 1px; border-bottom: 0px solid transparent; top: 45px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="display: none; height: 45px;"></div></div></div></pre></li><li><p><span>同样点击元件库，搜索贴片二极管 SOD-123，这个是二极管的封装，添加元件的时候最好带着封装添加，这样我们在生成pcb的时候就不用再次分配封装了，放置元件的时候，注意摆放方向，如果元件是横着的按 “R” 键来更换方向，将二极管的正极也就是三角号的屁股连接到轴体符号的ROW上。如图：</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819155217296.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819155217296"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819160024275.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819160024275"></p></li><li><p><span>接下来，我们整个选中轴体符号和二极管符号，然后按 ”ctrl+c“ 进行复制，并且粘贴，按矩阵排布，第一排有16个键，但存在多配列兼容重复按键的情况，连线的时候再考虑，我们粘贴15次。注意间隔和高度最好一致，这样矩阵线路ROW是平直的。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819160657839.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819160657839"></p></li><li><p><span>接下来我们画线路 ”ROW0“，点击 ”w“ ，鼠标光标编程这种就可以画线了，这里因为13和14键值是一样的，为了增加多配列的兼容，理论上14键与13键不能同时存在，所以使用同一个矩阵，二极管也用同一个。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819164328519.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819164328519"></p></li><li><p><span>画好线点击标签，给这条线添加标签ROW0，我这里更改了二极管的位号，与轴体一致</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210819171230894.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210819171230894"></p></li><li><p><span>这样我们的矩阵第一ROW线路就完成了。我们来画好剩下的键。其中capslock因为要添加指示灯，所以我用了mx轴带led灯的符号。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820120755727.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820120755727"></p></li><li><p><span>画完原理图后，我们对每个键的键值进行修改，将MX标识改成每个键的键值。这样会更直观。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820155246881.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820155246881"></p></li></ol></li></ul><h3 id='检查和分配封装'><span>检查和分配封装</span></h3><blockquote><p><span>原理图基本已经完成，接下来我们要检查和分配封装了，为生成pcb做准备。从头进行检查。</span></p></blockquote><ol start='' ><li><p><span>检查usb口的封装是否是我们想要的。如果是我们想要的，就可以使用默认封装，如果不是我们想要的，就需要更改封装。下图看的出，C口是我们想要的封装。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820145537689.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820145537689"></p></li><li><p><span>检查其他元件的封装，是否是我们想要的。比如电阻电容等，一般常用的是0805或者0603等贴片电容，这里推荐在板子空间足够允许的情况下，使用大封装值的封装，这样能方便我们焊接。这里我们修改电阻的封装值。其他元件大同小异。直接搜索封装后点下面的更新即可。也可以批量修改。下面我用MX轴作演示。Atmega32u4的封装有两种，一种mu结尾的属于QFN44 7x7mm封装，无外露引脚，此种封装类型较小，比较节省空间，但是焊接起来比较麻烦，需要风枪。还有一种是AU结尾的，此种封装类型是TQFP44 10x10mm封装。此种封装较大，使用电烙铁就可以完成焊接。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820150358086.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820150358086"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820161459341.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820161459341"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820161544271.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820161544271"></p></li><li><p><span>下面我用批量修改MX轴的封装演示一遍批量修改封装。</span></p><ol start='' ><li><span>我们查看一个MX轴的封装值，并没有默认分配封装，下面我们来批量修改，这里面有一些轴的封装是1u，还有一些是1.5u、2u、2.25、2.75、7u等等。我们没要做好区分。我们点击搜索按钮，然后在下面的搜索到的封装列表中找到我们想要的封装，如果实在找不到，我们也可以自建封装，但一般都是可以找到的，如果不满意，我们可以对找到的差不多的封装进行修改使用。</span></li></ol><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820150734356.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820150734356"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820151308566.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820151308566"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820161708108.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820161708108"></p></li><li><p><span>如果我们实在找不到自己想要的封装，但有差不多的封装，我们可以修改之后自己使用，关闭弹窗，我们依旧点击元件库，搜索 “cherry mx 1u”。然后点击下面的封装，在列表中找自己需要的差不多的封装。找到后选中，点击下面的编辑，然后修改封装到自己想要的样子。我实在没找到自己想要的样子，所以搜索了“kaihua”，找到了自己想要的轴座封装。我们看一下符号的引脚都是什么名称，在我们编辑后封装的时候，焊盘名城也要于符号引脚对应，这样才能将符号对应到轴座封装的焊盘上。我们看到符号的引脚名称是COL和ROW。我们在编辑封装的时候也要确认焊盘的名成。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820152419581.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820152419581"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820155609778.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820155609778"></p></li><li><p><span>点击编辑后，为了更好的使用高价购买的GMK键帽和其他JTK，EPBT等原厂高度键帽，我们首先要做的就是把轴体方向正过来，全选封装，按下R键。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820152726581.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820152726581"></p></li><li><p><span>然后我们删除不需要的RGB灯座。选中RGB灯座，点击 “Delete” 键。此时轴座封装就是我们想要的封装了。我们检查一下尺寸，是不是我们想要的，默认键盘的尺寸是1U=19.05mm. 可以看到符合我们的需求。接下来我们检查焊盘的名称能否与符号对应，如果可以对应的。删除掉尺寸标记，然后我们点击 “Ctrl + s” 保存这个刚刚修应该好的封装。如果焊盘名成不能与符号引脚对应，就要修改焊盘名称。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820155920486.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820155920486"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820153739268.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820153739268"></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820153933884.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820153933884"></p></li><li><p><span>下面我们用我们刚刚修改的封装给原理图的符号分配。选中一个符号，点击封装值，再封装的左边全选相同的1u符号，右边搜索到我们刚刚修改的封装类型，选中后可以看到符号图和封装图引脚的对应连线。然后点击更新，就将封装分配完毕了。</span></p><p><img src="C:\Users\Sets3n\Downloads\pcb教程\半吊子画pcb教程---第三章 原理图的绘制.assets\image-20210820160350628.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20210820160350628"></p></li><li><p><span>接下来我们对1.5u、2u、2.25u、2.75u等封装进行编辑创建和分配。与上面步骤相同。有卫星轴的注意卫星轴的安装方向。当我们分配完成后，一定要记得保存原理图，时刻记得</span><code>ctrl +s</code><span>,不然我们修改的进度都丢失了。</span></p></li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p></div></div>
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